"I liked the presenter. Who doesn't appreciate James L. Coyle? He's a stellar speaker!" M.Z. (Dec. 2024)

"The use of PAS scores to assist with report writing following a modified barium swallow study. Reviewing additional information to consider when making diet recommendations following VFS (e.g. diagnosis, prognosis, oral hygiene, feeding dependency, etc). I liked the overall review of PAS and its use to help describe the patient's swallow per swallow event." A.A. (Dec. 2024)

"Beneficial landmarks for the swallowing mechanism and for penetration (shallow and deep) and aspiration. Thorough and easy-to-follow information. The included history of PAS is great to know." D.B. (Dec. 2024)

"How to score swallows with the PAS was beneficial. I liked the examples of each of the PAS scores demonstrated." A.L. (Nov. 2024)

"Landmarks to determine PAS score. I enjoyed the scoring practice." M.E. (Nov. 2024)

"The presenter was very knowledgeable and helpful and explained everything well." J.R. (Nov. 2024)

"Real case examples of scoring. Well explained and presented." A.H. (Nov. 2024)

"How to break down the PAS using anatomical structures." A.R. (Nov. 2024)

"The discussion of residue was helpful. The course was concise and packed with all relevant/important information." E.C. (Nov. 2024)

"Actual landmarks of vocal folds and defining true aspiration. I liked the comparison of anatomical sketches to VF models." A.L. (Nov. 2024)

"Instructions for reporting findings clearly were helpful. This course was well organized." L.B. (Nov. 2024)

"Discussing normal PAS scores in young and older adults was helpful. I liked knowing that each swallow should be scored, even multiple swallows within one bolus, and the summary of research articles about normal PAS scores." J.V. (Oct. 2024)

"The use of the PAS as a tool for a descriptive narrative of a patient's swallowing events and not a characterization. I liked the ease of being able to complete the course when I am available." M.N. (Oct. 2024)

"It was beneficial discussing the anatomical landmarks and what is considered normal swallowing in healthy individuals. The PowerPoint was useful." C.H. (Sep. 2024)

"How to translate PAS scores into summaries was a beneficial topic. I enjoyed the video examples." C.D. (Sep. 2024)

"Practical use of PA scale when making impression statements. I liked the examples of VFSS judgments." H.J. (Sep. 2024)

"I will use the PAS to rate progress. I liked the course's clarity." C.R. (Sep. 2024)

"I found watching the examples of each PAS number to be very helpful. Lots of visualization, great explanation of content." K.M. (Sep. 2024)

"Specific descriptions were helpful and I liked the references." D.B. (Aug. 2024)

"All aspects were beneficial. I liked the presenter- Very engaging!" L.M. (Aug. 2024)

"I liked the video examples for scoring." K.S. (Aug. 2024)

"PAS definition was helpful. The examples and illustrations were very clear. The speaker presented the content systemically." C.T. (Aug. 2024)

"Anatomy review was helpful. I liked the images of each PAS score." E.V. (Aug. 2024)

"The whole presentation was helpful to a new clinician completing VFSS. I enjoyed the visuals in different planes." K.S. (Jul. 2024)

"I did not have this scale available to me when I was performing VFSS and I wish I had. It would have been helpful in summaries, and would have saved me much time as I used to go over the tape swallow by swallow and describe/evaluate - many long hours over the years, when the shorthand notation and clear definitions would have helped me. Dr. Coyle is always so clear and organized in his presentations - defining and giving examples." E.S. (Jul. 2024)

"Clearly defined anatomical landmarks between aspiration and penetration. The course was easy to understand and takes only 2 hours." S.P. (Jul. 2024)

"Beneficial specifics about PAS 4 & 6 ratings, info about the laryngeal ventricle, importance of scoring EACH swallow and volume of aspiration. Really useful when the presenter would write/draw on slides whilst talking. Easy to stop and start the course." R.S. (Jul. 2024)

"Explanations of anatomy with examples were helpful. I liked the images and explanations." J.P. (Jul. 2024)

"Goals of care and recommendations for intake after aspiration event and/or score were helpful. I enjoyed the presenter's knowledge and style." S.M. (Jun. 2024)

"This course was SO helpful in specifying the meaning of the PA scores and how the scores should be used. Dr. Coyle, as always, was very detailed in his explanations of the scoring, the history of how PA scale was developed and how it should be used. The detailed explanation of the PA scoring relative to physiological markers and swallowing behaviors. I was one of the first SLPs to do MBS studies in RI (45 years ago) and would have appreciated having access to a standardized instrument." S.L. (Jun. 2024)

"The illustrations of the landmarks were helpful. I enjoyed the clinical applications." B.M. (May. 2024)

"All of the information was helpful." S.B. (May. 2024)

"The classification of anatomical locations for each score was beneficial. I enjoyed the personal touch." Y.R. (May. 2024)

"Research data and reinforcement of need to consider the whole picture of the patient, medical, cognitive, risks... Easy format." A.H. (May. 2024)

"Understanding PAS scale was helpful. Segments, of course, were clear and concise." D.N. (Apr. 2024)

"Dr Coyle is an excellent presenter. I liked the discussion that the score does not need to be written into the report." M.D. (Apr. 2024)

"The VFSS examples of different PAS scores were helpful. I liked the examples - both "cartoon" and x-ray." A.C. (Apr. 2024)

"Reinforced need for descriptive summary language versus scores. Easy accessibility and applicability of material covered." O.B. (Mar. 2024)

"It was helpful to discuss how to make judgment calls. A thorough explanation of the PAS." M.T. (Mar. 2024)

"I have a better understanding now of vocal fold anatomy, and landmarks used during modified barium swallows. I liked the media using videos, photos, and cartoons, and markups of the same." A.F. (Mar. 2024)

"It was beneficial to discuss the normal PAS across life span." T.L. (Mar. 2024)

"Discussing how to utilize the PAS scale in everyday practice. I liked the descriptions." A.R. (Feb. 2024)

"Thorough explanation of what the PAS was intended for and how to incorporate it into report writing." B.R. (Feb. 2024)

"The discussion on the purpose of the PAS and how to use it correctly when analyzing a patient's swallow function on VFSS was helpful. I enjoyed the visuals and the presenter's style of teaching." E.G. (Feb. 2024)

"Beneficial usage and understanding of the PAS. I liked the visuals/handouts." J.L. (Feb. 2024)

"Discussing the anatomy of TVFs was beneficial. I always pictured them as flat! I like the unlimited access to content." E.S. (Feb. 2024)

"It was beneficial to discuss the anatomical breakdown and connecting that to precision with scoring on the PAS - eg, determining that material has reached the vocal folds when they can't be seen on VFSS. Very relevant to clinical practice despite basis in research." N.S. (Jan. 2024)

"How to report PAS scores was beneficial to discuss. I liked the explanation of how to differentiate between shallow and deep laryngeal penetration." B.W. (Jan. 2024)

"The justification for the scoring was helpful. The course was convenient." B.B. (Jan. 2024)

"The anatomical references and detailed description of best practices in scoring were helpful. I like that this course is an available education to help build inter-rater reliability across our system of SLPs." N.W. (Dec. 2023)

"Beneficial topics were scoring each swallow separately, and aspiration is 1 factor among many when recommending a diet. I liked the ability to complete at my own pace and review." D.B. (Dec. 2023)

"I liked the specifics of each score and learning the development of the scale." M.S. (Dec. 2023)

"The discussion that an MBS tells a story, it is not a sentence, was beneficial. I liked the review of anatomy." P.G. (Dec. 2023)

"Discussing PAS was beneficial. I liked the MBS videos." S.C. (Dec. 2023)

"I liked the breakdown of the anatomy pertaining to the scale." A.H. (Dec. 2023)

"Well-organized course. Discussing the pros and cons of the PA scale was beneficial." D.P. (Nov. 2023)

"Discussing how to use and interpret PAS scores in conjunction with the narrative description was helpful. I enjoyed the important information given in several contexts, repeated, shown in charts, diagrams, etc." G.S. (Nov. 2023)

"I liked the speaker's ability to keep it interesting and realistic. The rationale re: the scale and appropriate applications/use was beneficial." M.G. (Nov. 2023)

"The description of each level of the scale was beneficial. I enjoyed the inclusion of video with anatomical drawing." C.G. (Nov. 2023)

"Very clear content. Landmarks and real video examples were helpful. The quiz was also helpful in the way it was phrased to help consolidate learning." M.B. (Nov. 2023)

"The anatomy review was beneficial." M.T. (Nov. 2023)

"The sections about how NOT to use the PAS were helpful. This course clarified a lot of my points of confusion regarding the purpose and administration of this scale." N.A. (Nov. 2023)

"I liked the clinical relevance. And discussion of the appropriate use of the PAS." J.R. (Oct. 2023)

"The presenter was very knowledgeable & used many visuals with detailed explanations and landmarks." A.H. (Oct. 2023)

"Learning how to correctly score each swallow was beneficial. I liked the discussion of the limitations of scores and the importance of describing the pattern." C.B. (Oct. 2023)

"I liked the images of MBS with multiple arrows showing anatomical differences in structure. Review of anatomy was beneficial." N.C. (Oct. 2023)

"Good examples and review of application of scale in clinical practice." N.A. (Oct. 2023)

"I liked the examples of each score. It was beneficial to understand the severity of scores." K.S. (Oct. 2023)

"The practical application of the PAS and how to document the results using the PAS to judge treatment efficacy was beneficial. I liked the flexibility to watch this course at anytime and anywhere. Easy to stop and repeat so I could avoid misunderstanding." B.A. (Sep. 2023)

"Easy to follow course that kept my attention. The test was adequate to recall knowledge. I liked the ease of use." C.O. (Sep. 2023)

"Loved watching the MBS examples. Anatomy review was fantastic. Really appreciated how speaker continued to address/review/point out anatomy throughout multiple examples." C.L. (Sep. 2023)

"Anything Dr. Coyle presents is extremely useful! Discussing how to "tell a story" in narrative form on reports and surrogate anatomical landmarks was helpful." L.G. (Sep. 2023)

"PAS scoring criteria was beneficial. I liked the speaker." K.K. (Aug. 2023)

"All of it was great. Very valuable in practice." V.W. (Aug. 2023)

"I liked the sample videos for each score. It was beneficial to learn how to describe what I see, penetration & aspiration, and to what degree." M.D. (Jul. 2023)

"This course was current, thorough, and very well done! I LOVED the explanations with diagrams of the anatomy." W.H. (Jul. 2023)

"Great course, very useful. I've been using the PA scale for years, and this course provided some great additional information and clarification on how it should be used. I liked everything." A.L. (Jul. 2023)

"Learning about the landmarks used to make judgments on PAS scores was beneficial. I liked having the diagrams and VF images to illustrate the different PAS scores." N.H. (Jun. 2023)

"The guidelines for using PAS when reviewing MBSS images were beneficial. I liked the clarification for PAS use guidelines and the anatomical refresher." L.I. (Jun. 2023)

"Very informative course and great anatomy review. I liked the specific PAS scoring." K.V. (Jun. 2023)

"Discussion of whether or not to use PAS scores in reports was beneficial. I liked the tent analogy for VF's." A.J. (May 2023)

"This course went into depth of anatomy on the VFSS. The video examples of PAS were beneficial." T.P. (May 2023)

"I benefited from the review of the anatomical structures visible via MBS images. I liked the various examples of each PAS score." M.M. (May 2023)

"How to use the PAS in my evaluation and reports was beneficial. It's all about judgment and nuances." C.T. (May 2023)

"This was fantastic!! Defining the PAS and pairing it with the anatomy was great. Presenter's speaking manner was engaging and informative." L.D. (May 2023)

"Anatomy and landmarks were beneficial! I liked learning how to comprehensively use the PAS score." R.P. (Apr. 2023)

"I liked the anatomical examples, the descriptions of PA scores, format to describing these, and patterns in reports was useful. I liked the interaction from the presenter - highlighting/drawing on slides whilst talking. The visual elements were clear and useful - diagrams and anatomical images, etc." T.K. (Mar. 2023)

"It was beneficial to review anatomy on MBSS, so when reading reports or viewing the videofluoroscopy, I am more clear on what I am observing. I liked the videos and anatomy pictures as I am a visual learner." B.G. (Mar. 2023)

"The whole course was very informative and easy to follow along! It will help standardize how we rank scores during MBSS." K.V. (Mar. 2023)

"I always love learning from Dr. Coyle. I liked the penned-in examples he provided. Anatomical landmarks were beneficial." A.P. (Mar. 2023)

"I liked the expertise of the presenter, and the visual material was clear and helpful. Some anatomical notions and vocabulary that have been clarified in my mind were beneficial as well as the research results about what's normal in swallowing and how to judge PAS when the cough is NOT spontaneous." A.P. (Mar. 2023)

"Course was to the point. I liked the anatomy review and the understanding to not use the score as a descriptor number, but to use the number as a reference for myself to develop descriptions of the patient’s swallow." J.H. (Mar. 2023)

"Review of anatomy and practice videos were beneficial." J.V. (Mar. 2023)

"The presenter was thorough and clear. I enjoyed the presentation. The use of the PAS and the discussion about how it was developed was interesting. I also liked how the study gave us a perspective of the normal PAS scores." L.S. (Mar. 2023)

"I feel after watching this course that I can immediately apply it in therapy today. Can easily bridge the research-to-clinical practice gap with this knowledge." H.H. (Mar. 2023)

"Liked viewing VFSS and the application to report writing. Many examples and thorough explanations of landmarks." S.G. (Mar. 2023)

"All of this content is beneficial to my practice." L.M. (Mar. 2023)

"Learned ways to use PENASP scale in practice." R.M. (Feb. 2023)

"I liked the review of the anatomy with where to look for deep and shallow penetration." S.P. (Feb. 2023)

"Concise information. Using PAS scores to determine a pattern." M.K. (Feb. 2023)

"Scoring parameters and clinical judgment/reasoning of results were beneficial. The presentation used alternate references to anatomical structures facilitating greater comprehension." D.B. (Feb. 2023)

"I liked the presenter's clear presentation style and specificity of examples. Discussion about how to score the PAS and use descriptions, not necessarily scores." C.K. (Feb. 2023)

"Importance of identifying and describing patterns in airway invasion characterized by frequency, depth, residue, and patient response. Review of anatomical landmarks and limitation on x-ray." D.Z. (Feb. 2023)

"Further discussion of anatomy/physiology, explanations of valid ways to interpret the data. I thought the course was nicely paced and organized." E.W. (Feb. 2023)

"Anatomical boundaries for judgement of P/A scores. Discussion of identification and use of anatomical structures to aid PAS score decisions was beneficial." R.S. (Feb. 2023)

"Using anatomical landmarks to determine PAS score." T.L. (Feb. 2023)

"Highly relevant to my practice and will be utilized daily." J.W. (Feb. 2023)

"Good clarity and standardization. I liked the detailed identification of anatomical markers in identifying aspiration/penetration and the functional application to diagnosing and treating dysphagia. Many times other clinicians assume everyone is able to identify these things as they have been doing it for years, but when learning from several mentors at a time, it can become a gray area as to how things are interpreted." J.N. (Feb. 2023)

"I liked the videos showing what each score would look like." L.D. (Jan. 2023)

"Course was extremely thorough and very well laid out. I liked the review of the anatomy to discuss the differences between deep laryngeal penetration and aspiration." A.R. (Jan. 2023)

"Dr. Coyle was very organized, had a nice calm presentation and with good examples." P.M. (Jan. 2023)

"I liked the anatomical structures (refresher) during MBSS. Appropriate use of PAS. Presented well." R.J. (Jan. 2023)

"Excellent speaker; enjoyable to listen to. Anatomical landmarks used in scoring the PAS were beneficial. I liked the pace of the presentation; speaker was very thorough." S.D. (Jan. 2023)

"I have been waiting for this course since I started doing videofluoroscopy!" A.S. (Jan. 2023)

"Loved the critical thinking and how to use PAS scale scores in clinical practice versus research. Anything that Dr. Coyle presents is wonderful. He is a talented speaker and makes complex information digestible." J.K. (Jan. 2023)

"Learning the development and functional use of the scale was beneficial. I find all of James Coyle's courses to be practical and applicable to daily practice and interventions." A.P. (Jan. 2023)

"Learning proper way to use the tool, nuances to ensure accuracy of scoring. Speaker was knowledgeable and engaging." K.S. (Dec. 2022)

"Anatomy review was beneficial. I liked the video examples and explanations." H.B. (Dec. 2022)

"The discussion of what the borders are to count the bolus as being penetrated or aspirated was beneficial. I liked the sample narrative to show how the scores should be summarized. I liked how specific course was and how immediately the information/methods could be utilized. I liked that it went into detail with all the anatomy which is absolutely necessary to accurately score for the PA scale." K.L. (Dec. 2022)

"Good clarity of information presented." D.D. (Dec. 2022)

"The whole thing: this was a very clear, well-organized course. We don't use the scale at my place of work, but it is occasionally used in hospital charts I have seen and this is an excellent explanation of the chart. I loved the video examples of each score, and "woahed" out loud to see the number 6 video example." C.K. (Dec. 2022)

"I liked the refresher on the anatomy portions! I like that this course went through how the PAS was created and reason for it. We use PAS in our MBSS notes, but no one has had any further education on it, so I wasn't sure if we were even using it correctly!" M.G. (Dec. 2022)

This program is offered for 0.2 ASHA CEUs (Intermediate Level; Professional Area).

ASHA CEUs: NSS online courses are registered with ASHA and are offered for ASHA CEUs. The number of ASHA CEUs is noted above. Note that 0.1 ASHA CEU = 1 contact hour = equals 1 CEE.

ASHA CEUs: Attendees must meet at least one of the following conditions in order to be eligible to earn ASHA CEUs:

• Current ASHA Member
• ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) Holder
• Licensed by a state or provincial regulatory agency to practice speech-language pathology (SLP) or audiology
• Credentialed by a state regulatory agency to practice SLP or audiology
• Credentialed by a national regulatory agency to practice SLP or audiology
• Engaged in a Clinical Fellowship under the supervision of an individual with their ASHA CCC
• Currently enrolled in a master's or doctoral program in SLP or audiology

If an attendee is not an ASHA member or CCC holder but meets any of the above criteria, they may inform the ASHA CE Registry of their eligibility by visiting this site.